1	POOL CONSTRUCTION TIPS WHAT EVERY SALESMAN AND PROJECT MANAGER NEEDS TO KNOW PRESENTED BY Larry Long Long Swimming Pool Steel, Inc.
2	TOOLS OF THE TRADE PLIERS REEL HICKEY BAR BOLT CUTTER
3	COMPONENTS OF POOL CONSTRUCTION Engineered steel drawings Raised bond beams Notch raised bond beam Expansive soil Surcharge Pool cover vault NO deck detail 12” spa divider wall 5” spa divider wall Loveseats Beach entry Grotto Skimmer Underwater lights Deep end ramp Shallow end ramp Masonry or wall dowels
4	REBAR SPACING The basic steel pattern is #3 reinforcing steel bars tied at 12”throughout
5	12” ON CENTER
6	WHAT’S A BOND BEAM??? 1) Where is a bond beam? 2) In the event a pool settles, the bond beam hold the pool together 3) Why different widths??? 4) A place to install perimeter coping 5) How is it dug???
7	TRANSITION BARS What are transition bars???? Where do they go???? When are they not necessary???? 10’ transition bars vs 20’ transition bars
8	RAISED BOND BEAM VENEERS Raised bond beams can be faced with many different veneers including: River rock Ledgered stone Flagstone Tile
9	NOTCHED RAISED BOND BEAM In order to have a ledgered stone, rock or brick veneer, our steel has to be notched to allow for the gunite crew to create a shelf for this application
10	TYPICAL LIGHT BASKET
11	SKIMMER STEEL Skimmers require Two #3 bars around Drop bond beam under skimmer mouth Install two #3 “Z” bars under skimmer
12	BOND BEAM STEEL ANTHONY AND SYLVAN exclusively uses four #4 bar in their bond beams
13	ENGINEERING FOR POOLS You must obtain appropriate engineering from a registered civil engineer prior to obtaining permits Pool Engineering, located in Anaheim is the premier provider of this service
14	WHAT IS SURCHARGE??? Simply stated, surcharge is the increased use of either additional gunite or steel reinforcing for pools with special engineering requirements Examples are: Upslope or down slope condition Freestanding pool walls Pool adjacent to retaining walls Artificial or real rock Raised bond beam And many others…..
15	SHALLOW END DIG OR??? Pools should be dug from the shallow end whenever possible Avoid a deep end ramp Less area for backfill and compaction problems Saves $$$ on excavation, steel and decking phase
16	BAR SUPPORTS Bar supports may be made of steel wire, precast concrete or plastic. Precast bar supports are normally supplied in three styles (1) plain, (2) with wires, and (3) doweled. Plain precast concrete bar supports are used to support rebar off the ground. Precast supports with tie wire (16 gauge) are used to maintain position of the support.
17	WHAT IS CLEARANCE??? All steel placed should have a minimum 3” clearance from earth Special engineering tables sometimes require additional thickness either behind or in front of the steel All the steel tied would make no difference if not properly elevated
18	TYPICAL COMPLETED PROJECT
19	COMPLETED PROJECT
20	NOTCH BOND BEAM FOR WATERFEATURES Our steel installers cut a horizontal notch in our bond beam for sheer descent water features Sheer descents are installed typically at the top of raised bond beams Sheer descents can not be installed at the “0” bond beam
21	SHEER DESCENT
22	ELECTRICAL BONDING Typical Items that require bonding are: All metal with 5’ of pool edge per N.E.C. Pool lights Pool equipment Post straps Wrought iron fencing Window frames
23	STANDARD REINFORCING BARS Standard specifications for steel reinforcement is published by The American Society for Testing and Materials or ASTM Material used in pools is commonly referred to as #3 or 3/8” bar BAR SIZE AREA DIAMETER WEIGHT DESIGNATION (IN.2) (IN) lb/ft #3 Rebar .375 .11 .376 #4 Rebar .500 .20 .668 #5 Rebar .625 .31 1.043
24	IDENTIFICATION MARKS ASTM specifications for reinforcing bars require identification marks to be rolled into the surface on one side of the bar to denote the Producer’s mill designation, bar size, type of steel and minimum yield designation. Mil designation usually is a “Letter” Grade 40 bars are required to only have the first three identification marks. No grade mark or grade line for minimum yield strength is required (Usually reserved for larger bar)
25	TYPES OF STEEL S for Billet-Steel (A615 /A615M) W for Low –Alloy Steel (A706 /A706M) I for Rail Steel (A996 / A996M) R for Rail Steel (A996 / A996M) A for Axle-Steel (A996 / A996M)
26	SPLICING STEEL Same as lap How bars are connected together Standard lap is minimum 24”
27	WHERE DOES SURCHARGE GO? Additional steel surcharge typically goes in the radius of pool wall How are engineering tables read Surcharge can be tied with either #3, #4’s or #5 rebar Typically the deeper the pool, the heavier the steel and gunite
28	RAISED BOND BEAM
29	RECESSED LADDERS Typically found on commercial pools With loveseats on most residential pools, recessed ladders are not necessary Excavators must notch wall of pool for recessed step treads Steel tyers need to notch their steel back to allow for wall treads
30	NOTCH STEEL FOR RECESSED LADDER
31	PERIMITER / LINEAL FOOTAGE Distance around pool where coping is set Same as length of bond beam Important measurement Insures steel, coping, tile, mastic is accurately priced out
32	STEEL DOWELS Can be used for the following: A) Construction of raised bond beam with masonry wall on beam B) Grotto connection or artificial rock tie in C) Deck connection to bond beam (Not recommended) D) Typically use #3 or #4 rebar
33	Spa
34	HYDROSTATIC VALVE 1) Used to relieve under ground water pressure thru one way valve 2) Used in water table areas or when there is concern a pool might float
35	SITE PLANS NEED TO INCLUDE 1) Finish dimensions Max length & width 2) Depth 3) Size of spa 4) Length of spa divider wall 5) Thickness of spa wall 6) Location of raised bond beams including footages sold and what type of veneer 7) Size and location of sheer descents 8) Location of pool and spa lights
36	SITE PLANS NEED TO INCLUDE CONTINUED 9) Note skimmer location (Not in raised bond beams) 10) Indicate shallow end or deep end ramp 11) Site plan needs to be scaled accurately 12) Anticipated type and quantity of trash loads 13) How many hours additional grading 14) Will there be additional soil generated from grading that needs to be hauled offsite
37	NON EXPANSIVE VS EXPANSIVE SOIL Non expansive soil is considered sandy, decomposed granite or rock Expansive soil is adobe or clay Soils that you add water to and they shrink and expands when it dries
38	HIGHLY EXPANSIVE SOIL Soil is rated per Equivalent Fluid Pressure (EFP) The higher the index the more expansive the soil Pool Engineering highly expansive plans are: PLAN # EXP SOIL INDEX #206 60 pcf #207 70 pcf #208 85 pcf #210 100 pcf #212 125 pcf
39	NO DECK DETAIL Utilized where pool has “NO” deck or minimum concrete decks Requires bond beam to be trimmed differently (L.A. County) Requires Six #4 bar’s in box beam (L.A. County) Requires additional steel reinforcing depending on depth
40	SPA DIVIDER WALL Walls can be any thickness, depending on look trying to be achieved Typical gunite width thickness is 5” and requires single curtain steel Walls greater than 5” require double curtain steel Walls can be stepped for ledgered stone Walls can be veneered with many types of material including tile, stone, rock, stucco
41	POOL REMODELING Gunite construction makes major renovations possible Typical remodeling can involve: Adding a spa Changing depth Adding raised bond beams Adding loveseats or beach entry Changing size and shape of pool
42	DOUBLE CURTAIN SPA WALL
43	DOUBLE CURTAIN SPA WALL
44	LOVESEATS / ENTRY STEPS Loveseats finish 18” of water Seats are constructed to finish 18” wide Leaving soil where ever possible minimizes gunite charges Steel tied for deep end loveseats, shallow end not necessary
45	NEGATIVE EDGE WALL Same as infinity wall Gives the illusion pool is constantly overflowing Water drops into collection basin Some examples of this
46	NEGATIVE EDGE OVERFLOW WALL
47	FOOTING / KEY What are footings??? When do they become necessary?? What is distance to daylight requirement? 10’0” minimum or 20’” maximum
48	CATCH BASIN
49	POOL COVER BOX Primarily used on rectangular pools Pool must be exact rectangle Can be constructed with either gunite or redwood Can be constructed to accommodate freeform Pools It is possible to have automatic covers on pools with raised bond beams or negative edge walls
50	The End If you have any questions, please contact us at: 714-524-8172 Office 714-632-7757 Fax Email: Larry@LSPSinc.com THANK YOU J